Probiotic Bacillus coagulans may have impact on gastrointestinal protection. This study was designed to investigate the effects of BC on Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) induced gastric inflammation in mice and acid-induced lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction in rat. We determined the oxidative stress/apoptosis/autophagy signaling pathway in H. pylori -induced gastric inflammation and HCl-evoked LES inflammation.